New Oral Manifestation of Primary Hyperoxaluria

Tooth decay and root resorption may be associated with late-stage primary hyperoxaluria, according to the results of a recent study.

Researchers examined 14 articles from biomedical databases describing oral and dental manifestations in patients with hyperoxaluria. Key words including “oral,” “hyperoxaluria,” “dental,” and/or “oxalosis” were utilized to identify the articles. All included studies were reviewed for patient demographics, type and stage of disease, oral and dental manifestations, and dental treatment outcome.

>> Research Summary: Clinical Features Identified in Pediatric Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

A total of 15 patients with hyperoxaluria were included. All cases had tooth mobility, root resorption, and radiographic alterations. Oral manifestations were observed in patients with late stages of primary hyperoxaluria and were only observed after the onset of chronic renal disease. 

Further, all reported cases of dental management were palliative. Dental management goals in these patients included relief of pain and the treatment of periodontal infections. Nearly all reported cases resulted in tooth loss due to extraction or uncontrolled mobility.

“Management of tooth mobility and root resorption in hyperoxaluria is challenging and clinical guidelines and evidence-based recommendations are lacking,” the researchers concluded. “Early diagnosis and treatment of hyperoxaluria might be the only effective approach to prevent dental and periodontal complications of the disease.”

Reference:

Hasssona Y, Hassan S, Atef A, Flaifl Y, AlShammas F, Abdalljaleeel M. Primary hyperoxaluria: description of a new oral finding and review of literature. Spec Care Dentist. Published online February 6, 2024. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/scd.12968